/*
 * Copyright (C) 2007, Robin Rosenberg <robin.rosenberg@dewire.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2006-2008, Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
 * and other copyright owners as documented in the project's IP log.
 *
 * This program and the accompanying materials are made available
 * under the terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v1.0 which
 * accompanies this distribution, is reproduced below, and is
 * available at http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php
 *
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
 * without modification, are permitted provided that the following
 * conditions are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *   copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *   disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
 *   with the distribution.
 *
 * - Neither the name of the Eclipse Foundation, Inc. nor the
 *   names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
 *   products derived from this software without specific prior
 *   written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
 * CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
 * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
 * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
 * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
 * ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

package org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.file;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FilenameFilter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.Channels;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.text.MessageFormat;

import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.LockFailedException;
import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.JGitText;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectId;
import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FS;
import org.eclipse.jgit.util.FileUtils;

/**
 * Git style file locking and replacement.
 * <p>
 * To modify a ref file Git tries to use an atomic update approach: we write the
 * new data into a brand new file, then rename it in place over the old name.
 * This way we can just delete the temporary file if anything goes wrong, and
 * nothing has been damaged. To coordinate access from multiple processes at
 * once Git tries to atomically create the new temporary file under a well-known
 * name.
 */
public class LockFile {
	static final String SUFFIX = ".lock"; //$NON-NLS-1$

	/**
	 * Unlock the given file.
	 * <p>
	 * This method can be used for recovering from a thrown
	 * {@link LockFailedException} . This method does not validate that the lock
	 * is or is not currently held before attempting to unlock it.
	 *
	 * @param file
	 * @return true if unlocked, false if unlocking failed
	 */
	public static boolean unlock(final File file) {
		final File lockFile = getLockFile(file);
		final int flags = FileUtils.RETRY | FileUtils.SKIP_MISSING;
		try {
			FileUtils.delete(lockFile, flags);
		} catch (IOException ignored) {
			// Ignore and return whether lock file still exists
		}
		return !lockFile.exists();
	}

	/**
	 * Get the lock file corresponding to the given file.
	 *
	 * @param file
	 * @return lock file
	 */
	static File getLockFile(File file) {
		return new File(file.getParentFile(), file.getName() + SUFFIX);
	}

	/** Filter to skip over active lock files when listing a directory. */
	static final FilenameFilter FILTER = new FilenameFilter() {
		public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {
			return !name.endsWith(SUFFIX);
		}
	};

	private final File ref;

	private final File lck;

	private boolean haveLck;

	private FileOutputStream os;

	private boolean needSnapshot;

	private boolean fsync;

	private FileSnapshot commitSnapshot;

	private final FS fs;

	/**
	 * Create a new lock for any file.
	 *
	 * @param f
	 *            the file that will be locked.
	 * @param fs
	 *            the file system abstraction which will be necessary to perform
	 *            certain file system operations.
	 */
	public LockFile(final File f, final FS fs) {
		ref = f;
		lck = getLockFile(ref);
		this.fs = fs;
	}

	/**
	 * Try to establish the lock.
	 *
	 * @return true if the lock is now held by the caller; false if it is held
	 *         by someone else.
	 * @throws IOException
	 *             the temporary output file could not be created. The caller
	 *             does not hold the lock.
	 */
	public boolean lock() throws IOException {
		FileUtils.mkdirs(lck.getParentFile(), true);
		if (lck.createNewFile()) {
			haveLck = true;
			try {
				os = new FileOutputStream(lck);
			} catch (IOException ioe) {
				unlock();
				throw ioe;
			}
		}
		return haveLck;
	}

	/**
	 * Try to establish the lock for appending.
	 *
	 * @return true if the lock is now held by the caller; false if it is held
	 *         by someone else.
	 * @throws IOException
	 *             the temporary output file could not be created. The caller
	 *             does not hold the lock.
	 */
	public boolean lockForAppend() throws IOException {
		if (!lock())
			return false;
		copyCurrentContent();
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Copy the current file content into the temporary file.
	 * <p>
	 * This method saves the current file content by inserting it into the
	 * temporary file, so that the caller can safely append rather than replace
	 * the primary file.
	 * <p>
	 * This method does nothing if the current file does not exist, or exists
	 * but is empty.
	 *
	 * @throws IOException
	 *             the temporary file could not be written, or a read error
	 *             occurred while reading from the current file. The lock is
	 *             released before throwing the underlying IO exception to the
	 *             caller.
	 * @throws RuntimeException
	 *             the temporary file could not be written. The lock is released
	 *             before throwing the underlying exception to the caller.
	 */
	public void copyCurrentContent() throws IOException {
		requireLock();
		try {
			final FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(ref);
			try {
				if (fsync) {
					FileChannel in = fis.getChannel();
					long pos = 0;
					long cnt = in.size();
					while (0 < cnt) {
						long r = os.getChannel().transferFrom(in, pos, cnt);
						pos += r;
						cnt -= r;
					}
				} else {
					final byte[] buf = new byte[2048];
					int r;
					while ((r = fis.read(buf)) >= 0)
						os.write(buf, 0, r);
				}
			} finally {
				fis.close();
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
			// Don't worry about a file that doesn't exist yet, it
			// conceptually has no current content to copy.
			//
		} catch (IOException ioe) {
			unlock();
			throw ioe;
		} catch (RuntimeException ioe) {
			unlock();
			throw ioe;
		} catch (Error ioe) {
			unlock();
			throw ioe;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Write an ObjectId and LF to the temporary file.
	 *
	 * @param id
	 *            the id to store in the file. The id will be written in hex,
	 *            followed by a sole LF.
	 * @throws IOException
	 *             the temporary file could not be written. The lock is released
	 *             before throwing the underlying IO exception to the caller.
	 * @throws RuntimeException
	 *             the temporary file could not be written. The lock is released
	 *             before throwing the underlying exception to the caller.
	 */
	public void write(final ObjectId id) throws IOException {
		byte[] buf = new byte[Constants.OBJECT_ID_STRING_LENGTH + 1];
		id.copyTo(buf, 0);
		buf[Constants.OBJECT_ID_STRING_LENGTH] = '\n';
		write(buf);
	}

	/**
	 * Write arbitrary data to the temporary file.
	 *
	 * @param content
	 *            the bytes to store in the temporary file. No additional bytes
	 *            are added, so if the file must end with an LF it must appear
	 *            at the end of the byte array.
	 * @throws IOException
	 *             the temporary file could not be written. The lock is released
	 *             before throwing the underlying IO exception to the caller.
	 * @throws RuntimeException
	 *             the temporary file could not be written. The lock is released
	 *             before throwing the underlying exception to the caller.
	 */
	public void write(final byte[] content) throws IOException {
		requireLock();
		try {
			if (fsync) {
				FileChannel fc = os.getChannel();
				ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(content);
				while (0 < buf.remaining())
					fc.write(buf);
				fc.force(true);
			} else {
				os.write(content);
			}
			os.close();
			os = null;
		} catch (IOException ioe) {
			unlock();
			throw ioe;
		} catch (RuntimeException ioe) {
			unlock();
			throw ioe;
		} catch (Error ioe) {
			unlock();
			throw ioe;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Obtain the direct output stream for this lock.
	 * <p>
	 * The stream may only be accessed once, and only after {@link #lock()} has
	 * been successfully invoked and returned true. Callers must close the
	 * stream prior to calling {@link #commit()} to commit the change.
	 *
	 * @return a stream to write to the new file. The stream is unbuffered.
	 */
	public OutputStream getOutputStream() {
		requireLock();

		final OutputStream out;
		if (fsync)
			out = Channels.newOutputStream(os.getChannel());
		else
			out = os;

		return new OutputStream() {
			@Override
			public void write(final byte[] b, final int o, final int n)
					throws IOException {
				out.write(b, o, n);
			}

			@Override
			public void write(final byte[] b) throws IOException {
				out.write(b);
			}

			@Override
			public void write(final int b) throws IOException {
				out.write(b);
			}

			@Override
			public void close() throws IOException {
				try {
					if (fsync)
						os.getChannel().force(true);
					out.close();
					os = null;
				} catch (IOException ioe) {
					unlock();
					throw ioe;
				} catch (RuntimeException ioe) {
					unlock();
					throw ioe;
				} catch (Error ioe) {
					unlock();
					throw ioe;
				}
			}
		};
	}

	private void requireLock() {
		if (os == null) {
			unlock();
			throw new IllegalStateException(MessageFormat.format(JGitText.get().lockOnNotHeld, ref));
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Request that {@link #commit()} remember modification time.
	 * <p>
	 * This is an alias for {@code setNeedSnapshot(true)}.
	 *
	 * @param on
	 *            true if the commit method must remember the modification time.
	 */
	public void setNeedStatInformation(final boolean on) {
		setNeedSnapshot(on);
	}

	/**
	 * Request that {@link #commit()} remember the {@link FileSnapshot}.
	 *
	 * @param on
	 *            true if the commit method must remember the FileSnapshot.
	 */
	public void setNeedSnapshot(final boolean on) {
		needSnapshot = on;
	}

	/**
	 * Request that {@link #commit()} force dirty data to the drive.
	 *
	 * @param on
	 *            true if dirty data should be forced to the drive.
	 */
	public void setFSync(final boolean on) {
		fsync = on;
	}

	/**
	 * Wait until the lock file information differs from the old file.
	 * <p>
	 * This method tests the last modification date. If both are the same, this
	 * method sleeps until it can force the new lock file's modification date to
	 * be later than the target file.
	 *
	 * @throws InterruptedException
	 *             the thread was interrupted before the last modified date of
	 *             the lock file was different from the last modified date of
	 *             the target file.
	 */
	public void waitForStatChange() throws InterruptedException {
		FileSnapshot o = FileSnapshot.save(ref);
		FileSnapshot n = FileSnapshot.save(lck);
		while (o.equals(n)) {
			Thread.sleep(25 /* milliseconds */);
			lck.setLastModified(System.currentTimeMillis());
			n = FileSnapshot.save(lck);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Commit this change and release the lock.
	 * <p>
	 * If this method fails (returns false) the lock is still released.
	 *
	 * @return true if the commit was successful and the file contains the new
	 *         data; false if the commit failed and the file remains with the
	 *         old data.
	 * @throws IllegalStateException
	 *             the lock is not held.
	 */
	public boolean commit() {
		if (os != null) {
			unlock();
			throw new IllegalStateException(MessageFormat.format(JGitText.get().lockOnNotClosed, ref));
		}

		saveStatInformation();
		if (lck.renameTo(ref)) {
			haveLck = false;
			return true;
		}
		if (!ref.exists() || deleteRef()) {
			if (renameLock()) {
				haveLck = false;
				return true;
			}
		}
		unlock();
		return false;
	}

	private boolean deleteRef() {
		if (!fs.retryFailedLockFileCommit())
			return ref.delete();

		// File deletion fails on windows if another thread is
		// concurrently reading the same file. So try a few times.
		//
		for (int attempts = 0; attempts < 10; attempts++) {
			if (ref.delete())
				return true;
			try {
				Thread.sleep(100);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	private boolean renameLock() {
		if (!fs.retryFailedLockFileCommit())
			return lck.renameTo(ref);

		// File renaming fails on windows if another thread is
		// concurrently reading the same file. So try a few times.
		//
		for (int attempts = 0; attempts < 10; attempts++) {
			if (lck.renameTo(ref))
				return true;
			try {
				Thread.sleep(100);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	private void saveStatInformation() {
		if (needSnapshot)
			commitSnapshot = FileSnapshot.save(lck);
	}

	/**
	 * Get the modification time of the output file when it was committed.
	 *
	 * @return modification time of the lock file right before we committed it.
	 */
	public long getCommitLastModified() {
		return commitSnapshot.lastModified();
	}

	/** @return get the {@link FileSnapshot} just before commit. */
	public FileSnapshot getCommitSnapshot() {
		return commitSnapshot;
	}

	/**
	 * Update the commit snapshot {@link #getCommitSnapshot()} before commit.
	 * <p>
	 * This may be necessary if you need time stamp before commit occurs, e.g
	 * while writing the index.
	 */
	public void createCommitSnapshot() {
		saveStatInformation();
	}

	/**
	 * Unlock this file and abort this change.
	 * <p>
	 * The temporary file (if created) is deleted before returning.
	 */
	public void unlock() {
		if (os != null) {
			try {
				os.close();
			} catch (IOException ioe) {
				// Ignore this
			}
			os = null;
		}

		if (haveLck) {
			haveLck = false;
			try {
				FileUtils.delete(lck, FileUtils.RETRY);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// couldn't delete the file even after retry.
			}
		}
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("nls")
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "LockFile[" + lck + ", haveLck=" + haveLck + "]";
	}
}
