cool_sili.cpp

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/* This file is part of Cloudy and is copyright (C)1978-2013 by Gary J. Ferland and
 * others.  For conditions of distribution and use see copyright notice in license.txt */
/*CoolSili compute silicon cooling */
#include "cddefines.h"
#include "taulines.h"
#include "phycon.h"
#include "dense.h"
#include "ligbar.h"
#include "lines_service.h"
#include "colden.h"
#include "embesq.h"
#include "atoms.h"
#include "sil.h"
#include "cooling.h"
 
void CoolSili(void)
{
        double cs, 
          cs2s2p, 
          cs2s3p, 
          cs01, 
          cs02, 
          cs12,
          tused,
          temp;
        realnum
          p2,
          rate;
        long int i;
 
        DEBUG_ENTRY( "CoolSili()" );
 
        /*>>refer       Si I    cs      Hollenbach, D. & McKee, C.F. 1989, ApJ, 342, 306 */
        /* >>chng 03 nov 15, add these lines */
        /* the Si I 25.2 micron line */
        /* rates are said to be ok over range 30 - 3000K */
        tused = MAX2( 30. , phycon.te );
        tused = MIN2( 3000. , phycon.te  );
        tused /= 100.;
 
        /* derive their rate, then convert to collision strength */
        rate = (realnum)(7.2e-9 * dense.eden + 
                /* >>chng 05 jul 05, eden to cdsqte */
                /*3.5e-10*pow(tused, -0.03 )*dense.xIonDense[ipHYDROGEN][0]) / dense.eden);*/
                3.5e-10*pow(tused, -0.03 )*dense.xIonDense[ipHYDROGEN][0] );
        LineConvRate2CS( TauLines[ipSi1_130m]  , rate );
 
        /* the Si I 56.6 micron line */
        rate = (realnum)(2.2e-8 * dense.eden + 
                /* >>chng 05 jul 05, eden to cdsqte */
                /*5.0e-10*pow(tused, 0.17 )*dense.xIonDense[ipHYDROGEN][0]) / dense.eden);*/
                5.0e-10*pow(tused, 0.17 )*dense.xIonDense[ipHYDROGEN][0] );
        LineConvRate2CS( TauLines[ipSi1_68m]  , rate );
 
        rate = (realnum)(7.2e-9 * dense.eden + 
                /* >>chng 05 jul 05, eden to cdsqte */
                /*1.7e-10*pow(tused, 0.17 )*dense.xIonDense[ipHYDROGEN][0]) / dense.eden);*/
                1.7e-10*pow(tused, 0.17 )*dense.xIonDense[ipHYDROGEN][0] );
        (*(*TauDummy).Hi()).g() = (*TauLines[ipSi1_68m].Hi()).g();
        LineConvRate2CS( *TauDummy  , rate );
        /* this says that line is a dummy, not real one */
        (*(*TauDummy).Hi()).g() = 0;
 
        /* solve model atom for Si I */
        atom_level3(TauLines[ipSi1_130m],TauLines[ipSi1_68m],*TauDummy);
 
        /* Si I 2518 */
        MakeCS(TauLines[ipSii2518]);
        atom_level2(TauLines[ipSii2518]);
 
        /* Si I 2215 */
        MakeCS(TauLines[ipSii2215]);
        atom_level2(TauLines[ipSii2215]);
 
        /* Silicon II 35 micron */
        /* hydrogen collision strength from 
         * >>referold si2       cs      Tielens, A.G.G., & Hollenbach, D. 1985, ApJ, 291, 722
         * they give rate de-ex 6.5E-10 cm^3 s^-1, indep of temp */
        /*cs += 6.5e-10/dense.cdsqte*4.*dense.xIonDense[ipHYDROGEN][0];*/
        /* >> chng 05 may 21, GS, rate with hydrogen is updated from 2005, ApJ, 620,537*/
        /* >>refer      si2     cs      Barinovs, G., van Hemert, M., Krems, R. & Dalgarno, A. 2005, ApJ, 620, 537 */
        /* original data only extend up to 2000K 
         * following is valid up to 2000K */
        temp = MIN2(2e3, phycon.te);
        cs = 1e-10*(3.9436853+ 0.11176758*pow(temp, 0.55762129));
        /* for high temperatures simply extend the power law */
        if( phycon.te>2e3 )
        {
                cs *= pow(phycon.te/2e3, 0.55762129);   
        }
        /* above was rate coef, convert to cs and mult by den of colliders */
        cs *= 4.*dense.xIonDense[ipHYDROGEN][0]/dense.cdsqte;
 
        /* add on elec cs from 
         *>>refer       si2     cs      Dufton, P.L., & Kingston, A.E. 1994, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables,
         *>>refercon 57, 273 */
        cs += 5.77;
 
        PutCS(cs,TauLines[ipTSi35]);
 
        static vector< pair<TransitionList::iterator,double> > Si2Pump;
        Si2Pump.reserve(32);
 
        /* one time initialization if first call */
        if( Si2Pump.empty() )
        {
                // set up level 1 pumping lines
                pair<TransitionList::iterator,double> ppa( TauLines.begin()+ipT1808, 1./6. );
                Si2Pump.push_back( ppa );
                pair<TransitionList::iterator,double> ppb( TauLines.begin()+ipT1527, 2./3. );
                Si2Pump.push_back( ppb );
                pair<TransitionList::iterator,double> ppc( TauLines.begin()+ipT1305, 2./3. );
                Si2Pump.push_back( ppc );
                pair<TransitionList::iterator,double> ppd( TauLines.begin()+ipT1260, 1./6. );
                Si2Pump.push_back( ppd );
                // set up level 2 pumping lines
                for( i=0; i < nWindLine; ++i )
                {
                        /* don't test on nelem==ipIRON since lines on physics, not C, scale */
                        if( (*TauLine2[i].Hi()).nelem() == 14 && (*TauLine2[i].Hi()).IonStg() == 2 )
                        {
#                               if      0
                                DumpLine( TauLine2.begin()+i );
#                               endif
                                double branch_ratio;
                                // the branching ratios used here ignore cascades via intermediate levels
                                // usually the latter are much slower, so this should be reasonable
                                if( fp_equal( (*TauLine2[i].Hi()).g(), realnum(2.) ) )
                                        branch_ratio = 2./3.; // 2S upper level
                                else if( fp_equal( (*TauLine2[i].Hi()).g(), realnum(6.) ) )
                                        branch_ratio = 1./2.; // 2P upper level
                                else if( fp_equal( (*TauLine2[i].Hi()).g(), realnum(10.) ) )
                                        branch_ratio = 1./6.; // 2D upper level
                                else
                                        TotalInsanity();
                                pair<TransitionList::iterator,double> pp2( TauLine2.begin()+i, branch_ratio ); 
                                Si2Pump.push_back( pp2 );
                        }
                }
        }
 
        /* now sum pump rates */
        double pump_rate = 0.;
        vector< pair<TransitionList::iterator,double> >::const_iterator si2p;
        for( si2p=Si2Pump.begin(); si2p != Si2Pump.end(); ++si2p )
        {
                const TransitionList::iterator t = si2p->first;
                double branch_ratio = si2p->second;
                pump_rate += (*t).Emis().pump()*branch_ratio;
#               if      0
                dprintf( ioQQQ, "Si II %.3e %.3e\n",
                         (*t).WLAng , (*t).Emis().pump()*branch_ratio );
#               endif
        }
 
        /*atom_level2(TauLines[ipTSi35]);*/
        /*AtomSeqBoron compute cooling from 5-level boron sequence model atom */
        /* >>refer      s4      cs      Tayal, S.S., 2000, ApJ 530, 1091*/
        /*>>refer       si2     cs      Dufton, P.L., & Kingston, A.E., 1991, MNRAS, 248, 827*/
        /*>>refer       si2     as      Dufton, P.L., Keenan, F.P., Hibbert, A., 
         *>>rerercon Stafford, R.P., Byrne, P.B., & Agnew, D., 1991, MNRAS, 253, 474*/
        AtomSeqBoron(TauLines[ipTSi35], 
                TauLines[ipSi2_2334], 
                TauLines[ipSi2_2329], 
                TauLines[ipSi2_2350], 
                TauLines[ipSi2_2344], 
                TauLines[ipSi2_2336], 
                0.534 , 4.51 , 1.67 , 6.94 , 
                pump_rate ,"Si 2");
        /*fprintf(ioQQQ,"DEBUG Si2\t%.2f\t%.5e\t%.5e\t%.5e\n", 
                fnzone, 
                phycon.te, 
                TauLines[ipTSi35].cool(), dense.eden);*/
        for( i=0; i < 5; i++ )
        {
                /* pops and column density for SiII atom */
                colden.Si2Pops[i] = (realnum)atoms.PopLevels[i];
        }
 
        /* Si II 1808, permitted resonance line,
         * osc str from 
         * >>refer      si2     as      morton et al 88 (apj sup); 
         * all si ii collision data (following 4 lines) are from
         * >>refer      si2     cs      Dufton, P.L., & Kingston, A.E. 1991, MNRAS, 248, 827
         * following assumes there is typo in table 1 of dufton and kingston
         * and that they meant 2s 2p^2 ^2D instead of 3d */
 
        /* Si II 1814 */
        PutCS(13.01,TauLines[ipT1808]);
        atom_level2(TauLines[ipT1808]);
 
        /* Si II 1531 */
        PutCS(3.61,TauLines[ipT1527]);
        atom_level2(TauLines[ipT1527]);
 
        /* Si II 1307.7 */
        PutCS(2.89,TauLines[ipT1305]);
        atom_level2(TauLines[ipT1305]);
 
        /* Si II 1263.3 */
        PutCS(12.25,TauLines[ipT1260]);
        atom_level2(TauLines[ipT1260]);
 
        /* permitted Si III 1206.5, collision strength from 
         * >>refer      si3     cs      Callaway, J. 1994, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 57, 9 */
        cs = MIN2(7.0,1.442*phycon.te10*phycon.te03*phycon.te03/
          phycon.te01);
        PutCS(cs,TauLines[ipT1207]);
        atom_level2(TauLines[ipT1207]);
 
        /* Si III] 1895, CS=
         * >>refer      si3     cs      Dufton, P.L., & Kingston, A.E. 1989, MNRAS, 241, 209
         * >>refer      si3     cs      Dufton, P.L., & Kingston, A.E. 1994, ADNDT, 57, 273
         * grnd 3s^2 ^1S, upper lev 3p ^3P^o j=0,1,2 */
        /* >>refer      si3     as      Callegari, F., & Trigueiros, A.G., 1998, ApJS, 119, 181
         * >>chng 00 nov 01, A about 3x larger than before */
        cs = 106./(phycon.te10*phycon.te10*phycon.te10*phycon.te02);
        /* >>chng 01 sep 09, AtomSeqBeryllium will reset this to 1/3 so critical density correct */
        PutCS(cs,TauLines[ipT1895]);
        AtomSeqBeryllium(1.8,3.6,10.4,TauLines[ipT1895],.013);
        embesq.em1895 = (realnum)(atoms.PopLevels[3]*0.013*1.05e-11);
 
        /* Si IV 1394, 1403, data from 
         * >>refer      si4     as      Mendoza, C. 1982, in Planetary Nebulae, IAU Symp No. 103,
         * >>refercon   ed by D.R. Flower, (D. Reidel: Holland), 143
         * cs from 
         * >>refer      si4     cs      Dufton, P.L., & Kingston, A.E. 1987, J.Phys. B, 20, 3899 */
        cs = 6.37*phycon.te10;
        PutCS(cs*0.667,TauLines[ipT1394]);
        PutCS(cs*0.333,TauLines[ipT1403]);
        PutCS(1.0,*TauDummy);
        atom_level3(TauLines[ipT1403],*TauDummy,TauLines[ipT1394]);
 
        /* Si VI 1.96 micron
         * >>referold   si6     cs      Saraph, H.E. & Tully, J.A. 1994, A&AS, 107, 29
         * >>chng 96 jul 16 had been constant */
        /*cs = MIN2(0.43,0.0448*phycon.te20/phycon.te003/phycon.te003);*/
        /*cs = MAX2(0.3,cs);*/
        /* >>refer      si6     cs      Berrington,K.A.,Saraph, H.E. & Tully, J.A. 1998, A&AS, 124, 161*/
         /* >>chng 06 jul 11-Humeshkar Nemala*/
        if(phycon.te< 1.43E5)
        {
                cs = (realnum)(0.0207*(phycon.te30/phycon.te04)*phycon.te0001);
        }
        else
        {
                cs = (realnum)(3.9042/((phycon.te20/phycon.te02)*phycon.te001*phycon.te0003));
        }
        PutCS(cs,TauLines[ipSi619]);
        atom_level2(TauLines[ipSi619]);
 
        /* Si VII 2148- OIII like, 
         * >>refer      si7     cs      Kafatos, M., & Lynch, J.P. 1980, ApJS, 42, 611 */
        sil.c2148 = 
                atom_pop2(0.4,9.,5.,15.,6.7e4,dense.xIonDense[13][6])*9.26e-12;
        CoolAdd("Si 7",2148,sil.c2148);
 
        /* Si VII ground term, 2.48, 6.51 microns
         * cs 
         * >>refer      si7     cs      Butler, K., & Zeippen, C.J. 1994, A&AS, 108, 1 */
        /* more recent paper, for solar case, which does not give thermal averaged
         * collision strengths, is
         * >>refer      Si7     data    Bhatia, A.K., & Landi, E. 2003, ApJ, 585, 587-597 */
        cs = MIN2(0.217,0.0904*phycon.te05*phycon.te03/phycon.te003/
          phycon.te001);
        PutCS(cs,TauLines[ipTSi65]);
 
        cs = MIN2(0.70,8.79e-2*phycon.te10*phycon.te10/phycon.te02);
        PutCS(cs,TauLines[ipTSi25]);
 
        cs = MIN2(0.20,9.751e-3*phycon.te20*phycon.te03*phycon.te03/
          phycon.te003);
        PutCS(cs,*TauDummy);
 
        atom_level3(TauLines[ipTSi25],TauLines[ipTSi65],*TauDummy);
 
        /* Si 8 1446, 3727-like, 
         * >>refer      si8     cs      Kafatos, M., & Lynch, J.P. 1980, ApJS, 42, 611 */
        sil.c1446 = 
                atom_pop2(0.4,4.,10.,1.,9.97e4,dense.xIonDense[13][7])*
          1.39e-11;
        CoolAdd("Si 8",1446,sil.c1446);
 
        /* Si 9 1985, 2150
         * cs, As from
         * >>refer      si9     cs      Aggarwal, K.M. 1983, J.Phys. B, 16, L59
         * >>refer      si9     as      Baluja, K.L. 1985, J.Phys. B, 18, L413 */
        sil.c949 = 
                atom_pop3(9.,5.,1.,0.5913,0.0757,0.225,26.3,214.,5.16,
          7.62e4,7.902e4,&p2,dense.xIonDense[13][8],0.,0.,0.)*214.*2.096e-11;
        sil.c1815 = sil.c949*1.912*0.0516;
        sil.c1985 = p2*26.3*1.0e-11;
        CoolAdd("Si 9",949,sil.c949);
        CoolAdd("Si 9",1815,sil.c1815);
        CoolAdd("Si 9",1985,sil.c1985);
 
        /* Si 9 3P fine structure lines, A=
         * >>refer      si9     as      Baluja, K.L. 1985, J.Phys. B, 18, L413
         * 2.583, 3.9microns
         * CS=
         * >>refer      si9     cs      Lennon, D.J. Burke, V.M. 1994, A&AS, 103, 273 */
        cs01 = MIN2(0.98,28.51/(phycon.te10*phycon.te10*phycon.te10*
          phycon.te10/phycon.te03*phycon.te003*phycon.te001*phycon.te001));
 
        cs12 = MIN2(2.7,81.21/(phycon.te10*phycon.te10*phycon.te10*
          phycon.te10/phycon.te01/phycon.te01/phycon.te001/phycon.te001));
 
        cs02 = MIN2(0.70,19.67/(phycon.te10*phycon.te10*phycon.te10*
          phycon.te10/phycon.te03*phycon.te001));
 
        PutCS(cs01,TauLines[ipTSi4]);
        PutCS(cs12,TauLines[ipTSi3]);
        PutCS(cs02,*TauDummy);
 
        atom_level3(TauLines[ipTSi4],TauLines[ipTSi3],*TauDummy);
 
        /* 5S0 - 3P, cs from, A=guess
         * >>refer      si9     cs      Aggarwal, K.M. 1984, ApJS, 54, 1 */
        sil.c691 = atom_pop2(40.6/phycon.sqrte*phycon.te10,9.,5.,
          1e4,2.081e5,dense.xIonDense[13][8])*2.88e-11;
        CoolAdd("Si 9",691,sil.c691);
 
        /* Si 10 606, actually three lines clumped together, ll 621.1, 611.7, 598.6
         * atomic data 
         * >>refer      si10    cs      Saha, H.P., & Trefftz, E. 1982, A&A, 116, 224 */
        /* >>chng 03 sep 27, rm expion move to simple two level with rt */
        /*CoolHeavy.c606 = 
                0.10*1.42e-16*expion(2.4e5,dense.xIonDense[13][10-1]);
        CoolAdd("Si10",606,CoolHeavy.c606);*/
        PutCS(0.1,TauLines[ipSi10_606]);
        atom_level2(TauLines[ipSi10_606]);
 
        /* Si 10 1.43m, A from 
         * >>refer      si10    as      Chandra, S. 1982, SoPh, 75, 133
         * cs from 
         * >>refer      si10    cs      Zhang, H.L., Graziani, M., Pradhan, A.K. 1994, A&A, 283, 319 */
        if( phycon.te <= 40500. )
        {
                cs = 0.190*phycon.te20/phycon.te001;
        }
        else
        {
                cs = 24.93/(phycon.te20*phycon.te03*phycon.te01*phycon.te003*
                  phycon.te003);
        }
        PutCS(cs,TauLines[ipSi10143]);
        atom_level2(TauLines[ipSi10143]);
 
        /* SI 11 582.9, 1909-LIKE, CS=
         * >>refer      si11    cs      Berrington, K.A., Burke, P.G., Dufton, P.L., Kingston, A.E.
         * >>refercon   1985, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 33, 195
         * A=
         * >>refer      si11    as      Muhlethaler, H.P., & Nussbaumer, H. 1976, A&A 48, 109 */
        sil.c583 = 
                atom_pop2(0.10,1.,9.,1e5,2.47e5,dense.xIonDense[13][11-1])*
          3.4e-11;
        CoolAdd("Si11",583,sil.c583);
 
        /* li seq 2s2p and 2s3p, Si 12 499, 521
         * >>refer      si12    cs      Cochrane, D.M., & McWhirter, R.W.P. 1983, PhyS, 28, 25 */
        ligbar(14,TauLines[ipTSi499],TauLines[ipTSi41],&cs2s2p,&cs2s3p);
        PutCS(cs2s2p,TauLines[ipTSi499]);
        PutCS(cs2s2p*0.5,TauLines[ipTSi521]);
        PutCS(1.0,*TauDummy);
        atom_level3(TauLines[ipTSi521],*TauDummy,TauLines[ipTSi499]);
 
        PutCS(cs2s3p,TauLines[ipTSi41]);
        atom_level2(TauLines[ipTSi41]);
        return;
}